Adds Monte Carlo Samplers

[BradyPlanden]

Description

Adds Pints-based Monte Carlo samplers. The full list of composed samplers can be found here.

This PR includes a base sampling class BaseSampler, of which PintsBaseSampler is a child. The Pints MCMC samplers are composed of PyBOP classes, which are constructed within PintsBaseSampler. This follows a similar structure to the BasePintsOptimiser class. A generic MCMCSampler class is included for use as a default, which is conceptually aligned with the Optimisation class.

Additions to the Priors class include the JointLogPrior.

Two additional PR's will be chained around this one. The order of merge should be:

• Transformations
• This PR
• Monte-carlo-plotting

Issue reference

Fixes #6

Review

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• Updated the CHANGELOG.md in reverse chronological order (newest at the top) with a concise description of the changes, including the PR number.
• Noted any breaking changes, including details on how it might impact existing functionality.

Type of change

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• Optimization: A code change that improves performance.
• Examples: A change to existing or additional examples.
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• Refactoring: Non-functional changes that improve the codebase.
• Style: Non-functional changes related to code style (formatting, naming, etc).
• Testing: Additional tests to improve coverage or confirm functionality.
• Other: (Insert description of change)

Key checklist:

• No style issues: $ pre-commit run (or $ nox -s pre-commit) (see CONTRIBUTING.md for how to set this up to run automatically when committing locally, in just two lines of code)
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• Code is well-commented, especially in complex or unclear areas.
• Added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works.
• Checked that coverage remains or improves, and added tests if necessary to maintain or increase coverage.

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 99.26108% with 3 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 98.79%. Comparing base (83d5f09) to head (8a928af).
Report is 404 commits behind head on develop.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
pybop/parameters/parameter.py	90.90%	1 Missing ⚠️
pybop/parameters/priors.py	98.48%	1 Missing ⚠️
pybop/samplers/mcmc_sampler.py	92.85%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           develop     #340      +/-   ##
===========================================
+ Coverage    98.76%   98.79%   +0.03%     
===========================================
  Files           48       52       +4     
  Lines         3153     3581     +428     
===========================================
+ Hits          3114     3538     +424     
- Misses          39       43       +4     

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[BradyPlanden]

This is ready for a first review. There is a bit more work to do on integration testing for the slower convergence samplers, as well as integrating #357. I believe this PR is in a good state to be integrated into develop, with subsequent PRs improving the design structure and robustness all around.

[brosaplanella]

Looks good, just some small comments