Use a plain char array to pass connection input

[lhecker]

HSTRING does not permit strings that aren't null-terminated.
As such we'll simply use a plain char array which compiles down to
a UINT32 and wchar_t* pointer pair. Unfortunately, cppwinrt uses
char16_t in place of wchar_t, and also offers no trivial conversion
between winrt::array_view and std::wstring_view either.
As such, most of this PR is about explicit type casting.

Closes #17697

Validation Steps Performed

• Patch the DeviceAttributes implementation in adaptDispatch.cpp
  to respond like this:

  _api.ReturnResponse({L"ABCD", 3});

• Open a WSL shell and execute this:

  printf "\e[c"; read

• Doesn't crash ✅

[carlos-zamora]

🤢, but hey, it fixed it. Thanks!