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cuda: enable topk-moe fusion for 288 experts - #25267

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pwilkin:topk-moe-288-experts
Jul 3, 2026
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cuda: enable topk-moe fusion for 288 experts#25267
pwilkin merged 3 commits into
ggml-org:masterfrom
pwilkin:topk-moe-288-experts

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@pwilkin pwilkin commented Jul 3, 2026

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Overview

Adds support for 288 expert topk-moe fusion (StepFun 3.7) for a slight decode boost.

Additional information

test before after
pp4096 460.99 ± 0.45 462.47 ± 0.34 (~unchanged)
tg128 19.10 ± 0.04 19.56 ± 0.03 (+2.4%)
tg128 @ d30000 12.68 ± 0.04 12.69 ± 0.03 (~unchanged)

(tested on Strix Halo 128GB with ROCm)

Requirements

@pwilkin
pwilkin requested review from a team and ggerganov as code owners July 3, 2026 11:59
@github-actions github-actions Bot added testing Everything test related ggml changes relating to the ggml tensor library for machine learning CUDA Related to the CUDA backend labels Jul 3, 2026
The topk-moe fusion only accepted power-of-2 expert counts (or the
special-cased 576), so models with 288 experts (e.g. Step-3.7-Flash)
fell back to the unfused per-layer routing chain: softmax/sigmoid,
argsort, get_rows, sum_rows, div, clamp, scale. At batch size 1 that
is ~330 extra tiny graph nodes per token.

288 is a multiple of the warp size, so the existing kernel already
handles it; this adds the missing template instantiation and accepts
288 in the eligibility check.

Measured on gfx1151 with Step-3.7-Flash IQ4_XS (llama-bench,
-b 4096 -ub 4096 -fa 1 -dio 1 -ctk q8_0 -ctv q8_0; machine idle,
before/after paired so pp4096 stays matched as a load control):

  test            | before         | after
  ----------------+----------------+----------------
  pp4096          | 460.99 ± 0.45  | 462.47 ± 0.34   (unchanged)
  tg128           |  19.10 ± 0.04  |  19.56 ± 0.03   (+2.4%)
  tg128 @ d30000  |  12.68 ± 0.04  |  12.69 ± 0.03   (unchanged)

Prompt processing is unaffected (the fusion only touches decode
routing). The decode gain is ~+2.4% at shallow context and fades with
depth: by 30k tokens each step is attention-bound over the KV cache,
so removing the fixed routing overhead is no longer visible.

Assisted-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
@pwilkin
pwilkin force-pushed the topk-moe-288-experts branch from b3a3ee2 to 5de3e40 Compare July 3, 2026 12:01
Comment thread ggml/src/ggml-cuda/topk-moe.cu Outdated
Comment on lines +315 to +318
case 288:
ggml_cuda_kernel_launch(topk_moe_cuda<288, has_bias>, launch_params,
logits, weights, ids, bias, n_rows, n_expert_used, clamp_val, scale_val, config);
break;

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Please add a comment on what model uses 288

Comment thread tests/test-backend-ops.cpp Outdated
pwilkin and others added 2 commits July 3, 2026 15:14
@pwilkin

pwilkin commented Jul 3, 2026

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@ggml-org/maintainers need 2nd approval please

@pwilkin
pwilkin merged commit 75a48a9 into ggml-org:master Jul 3, 2026
29 checks passed
LyndonBlack added a commit to LyndonBlack/llama.cpp-Ternary-1.58Bit-and-TurboQuant that referenced this pull request Jul 5, 2026
Sync with upstream (44 commits):
- DFlash speculative decoding support (ggml-org#22105, ggml-org#25110, ggml-org#25246)
- DeepSeek V4 model support (ggml-org#24162)
- MoE topk fusion for 288 experts (ggml-org#25267)
- Qwen3Next model fixes (ggml-org#25141)
- CUDA FA optimizations + Gemma E4B MTP fix
- NVFP4 support for WebGPU, AVX2 nvfp4 dot
- llama_model_ftype_name() API
- Various UI, server, and build fixes

Resolved conflicts:
- arch-fallback.h: kept Q2_0 vec_dot generic defines
- llama-kv-cache-iswa.{h,cpp}: merged upstream 2-ctor refactor with turboquant layer_type_k_cb
- llama-model-loader.cpp: adopted upstream llama_ftype_name() with Q2_0 entry preserved

Assisted-by: Hermes Agent
adrianhoehne pushed a commit to adrianhoehne/llama.cpp that referenced this pull request Jul 5, 2026
* cuda: enable topk-moe fusion for 288 experts

The topk-moe fusion only accepted power-of-2 expert counts (or the
special-cased 576), so models with 288 experts (e.g. Step-3.7-Flash)
fell back to the unfused per-layer routing chain: softmax/sigmoid,
argsort, get_rows, sum_rows, div, clamp, scale. At batch size 1 that
is ~330 extra tiny graph nodes per token.

288 is a multiple of the warp size, so the existing kernel already
handles it; this adds the missing template instantiation and accepts
288 in the eligibility check.

Measured on gfx1151 with Step-3.7-Flash IQ4_XS (llama-bench,
-b 4096 -ub 4096 -fa 1 -dio 1 -ctk q8_0 -ctv q8_0; machine idle,
before/after paired so pp4096 stays matched as a load control):

  test            | before         | after
  ----------------+----------------+----------------
  pp4096          | 460.99 ± 0.45  | 462.47 ± 0.34   (unchanged)
  tg128           |  19.10 ± 0.04  |  19.56 ± 0.03   (+2.4%)
  tg128 @ d30000  |  12.68 ± 0.04  |  12.69 ± 0.03   (unchanged)

Prompt processing is unaffected (the fusion only touches decode
routing). The decode gain is ~+2.4% at shallow context and fades with
depth: by 30k tokens each step is attention-bound over the KV cache,
so removing the fixed routing overhead is no longer visible.

Assisted-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* Update tests/test-backend-ops.cpp

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>

* Add comment for case 288 in topk-moe.cu

---------

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>
CowboyTim pushed a commit to aardbeiplantje/llama.cpp that referenced this pull request Jul 21, 2026
* cuda: enable topk-moe fusion for 288 experts

The topk-moe fusion only accepted power-of-2 expert counts (or the
special-cased 576), so models with 288 experts (e.g. Step-3.7-Flash)
fell back to the unfused per-layer routing chain: softmax/sigmoid,
argsort, get_rows, sum_rows, div, clamp, scale. At batch size 1 that
is ~330 extra tiny graph nodes per token.

288 is a multiple of the warp size, so the existing kernel already
handles it; this adds the missing template instantiation and accepts
288 in the eligibility check.

Measured on gfx1151 with Step-3.7-Flash IQ4_XS (llama-bench,
-b 4096 -ub 4096 -fa 1 -dio 1 -ctk q8_0 -ctv q8_0; machine idle,
before/after paired so pp4096 stays matched as a load control):

  test            | before         | after
  ----------------+----------------+----------------
  pp4096          | 460.99 ± 0.45  | 462.47 ± 0.34   (unchanged)
  tg128           |  19.10 ± 0.04  |  19.56 ± 0.03   (+2.4%)
  tg128 @ d30000  |  12.68 ± 0.04  |  12.69 ± 0.03   (unchanged)

Prompt processing is unaffected (the fusion only touches decode
routing). The decode gain is ~+2.4% at shallow context and fades with
depth: by 30k tokens each step is attention-bound over the KV cache,
so removing the fixed routing overhead is no longer visible.

Assisted-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* Update tests/test-backend-ops.cpp

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>

* Add comment for case 288 in topk-moe.cu

---------

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>
CowboyTim pushed a commit to aardbeiplantje/llama.cpp that referenced this pull request Jul 21, 2026
* cuda: enable topk-moe fusion for 288 experts

The topk-moe fusion only accepted power-of-2 expert counts (or the
special-cased 576), so models with 288 experts (e.g. Step-3.7-Flash)
fell back to the unfused per-layer routing chain: softmax/sigmoid,
argsort, get_rows, sum_rows, div, clamp, scale. At batch size 1 that
is ~330 extra tiny graph nodes per token.

288 is a multiple of the warp size, so the existing kernel already
handles it; this adds the missing template instantiation and accepts
288 in the eligibility check.

Measured on gfx1151 with Step-3.7-Flash IQ4_XS (llama-bench,
-b 4096 -ub 4096 -fa 1 -dio 1 -ctk q8_0 -ctv q8_0; machine idle,
before/after paired so pp4096 stays matched as a load control):

  test            | before         | after
  ----------------+----------------+----------------
  pp4096          | 460.99 ± 0.45  | 462.47 ± 0.34   (unchanged)
  tg128           |  19.10 ± 0.04  |  19.56 ± 0.03   (+2.4%)
  tg128 @ d30000  |  12.68 ± 0.04  |  12.69 ± 0.03   (unchanged)

Prompt processing is unaffected (the fusion only touches decode
routing). The decode gain is ~+2.4% at shallow context and fades with
depth: by 30k tokens each step is attention-bound over the KV cache,
so removing the fixed routing overhead is no longer visible.

Assisted-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* Update tests/test-backend-ops.cpp

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>

* Add comment for case 288 in topk-moe.cu

---------

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>
CowboyTim pushed a commit to aardbeiplantje/llama.cpp that referenced this pull request Jul 21, 2026
* cuda: enable topk-moe fusion for 288 experts

The topk-moe fusion only accepted power-of-2 expert counts (or the
special-cased 576), so models with 288 experts (e.g. Step-3.7-Flash)
fell back to the unfused per-layer routing chain: softmax/sigmoid,
argsort, get_rows, sum_rows, div, clamp, scale. At batch size 1 that
is ~330 extra tiny graph nodes per token.

288 is a multiple of the warp size, so the existing kernel already
handles it; this adds the missing template instantiation and accepts
288 in the eligibility check.

Measured on gfx1151 with Step-3.7-Flash IQ4_XS (llama-bench,
-b 4096 -ub 4096 -fa 1 -dio 1 -ctk q8_0 -ctv q8_0; machine idle,
before/after paired so pp4096 stays matched as a load control):

  test            | before         | after
  ----------------+----------------+----------------
  pp4096          | 460.99 ± 0.45  | 462.47 ± 0.34   (unchanged)
  tg128           |  19.10 ± 0.04  |  19.56 ± 0.03   (+2.4%)
  tg128 @ d30000  |  12.68 ± 0.04  |  12.69 ± 0.03   (unchanged)

Prompt processing is unaffected (the fusion only touches decode
routing). The decode gain is ~+2.4% at shallow context and fades with
depth: by 30k tokens each step is attention-bound over the KV cache,
so removing the fixed routing overhead is no longer visible.

Assisted-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* Update tests/test-backend-ops.cpp

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>

* Add comment for case 288 in topk-moe.cu

---------

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>
CowboyTim pushed a commit to aardbeiplantje/llama.cpp that referenced this pull request Jul 21, 2026
* cuda: enable topk-moe fusion for 288 experts

The topk-moe fusion only accepted power-of-2 expert counts (or the
special-cased 576), so models with 288 experts (e.g. Step-3.7-Flash)
fell back to the unfused per-layer routing chain: softmax/sigmoid,
argsort, get_rows, sum_rows, div, clamp, scale. At batch size 1 that
is ~330 extra tiny graph nodes per token.

288 is a multiple of the warp size, so the existing kernel already
handles it; this adds the missing template instantiation and accepts
288 in the eligibility check.

Measured on gfx1151 with Step-3.7-Flash IQ4_XS (llama-bench,
-b 4096 -ub 4096 -fa 1 -dio 1 -ctk q8_0 -ctv q8_0; machine idle,
before/after paired so pp4096 stays matched as a load control):

  test            | before         | after
  ----------------+----------------+----------------
  pp4096          | 460.99 ± 0.45  | 462.47 ± 0.34   (unchanged)
  tg128           |  19.10 ± 0.04  |  19.56 ± 0.03   (+2.4%)
  tg128 @ d30000  |  12.68 ± 0.04  |  12.69 ± 0.03   (unchanged)

Prompt processing is unaffected (the fusion only touches decode
routing). The decode gain is ~+2.4% at shallow context and fades with
depth: by 30k tokens each step is attention-bound over the KV cache,
so removing the fixed routing overhead is no longer visible.

Assisted-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* Update tests/test-backend-ops.cpp

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>

* Add comment for case 288 in topk-moe.cu

---------

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>
CowboyTim pushed a commit to aardbeiplantje/llama.cpp that referenced this pull request Jul 21, 2026
* cuda: enable topk-moe fusion for 288 experts

The topk-moe fusion only accepted power-of-2 expert counts (or the
special-cased 576), so models with 288 experts (e.g. Step-3.7-Flash)
fell back to the unfused per-layer routing chain: softmax/sigmoid,
argsort, get_rows, sum_rows, div, clamp, scale. At batch size 1 that
is ~330 extra tiny graph nodes per token.

288 is a multiple of the warp size, so the existing kernel already
handles it; this adds the missing template instantiation and accepts
288 in the eligibility check.

Measured on gfx1151 with Step-3.7-Flash IQ4_XS (llama-bench,
-b 4096 -ub 4096 -fa 1 -dio 1 -ctk q8_0 -ctv q8_0; machine idle,
before/after paired so pp4096 stays matched as a load control):

  test            | before         | after
  ----------------+----------------+----------------
  pp4096          | 460.99 ± 0.45  | 462.47 ± 0.34   (unchanged)
  tg128           |  19.10 ± 0.04  |  19.56 ± 0.03   (+2.4%)
  tg128 @ d30000  |  12.68 ± 0.04  |  12.69 ± 0.03   (unchanged)

Prompt processing is unaffected (the fusion only touches decode
routing). The decode gain is ~+2.4% at shallow context and fades with
depth: by 30k tokens each step is attention-bound over the KV cache,
so removing the fixed routing overhead is no longer visible.

Assisted-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* Update tests/test-backend-ops.cpp

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>

* Add comment for case 288 in topk-moe.cu

---------

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>
CowboyTim pushed a commit to aardbeiplantje/llama.cpp that referenced this pull request Jul 21, 2026
* cuda: enable topk-moe fusion for 288 experts

The topk-moe fusion only accepted power-of-2 expert counts (or the
special-cased 576), so models with 288 experts (e.g. Step-3.7-Flash)
fell back to the unfused per-layer routing chain: softmax/sigmoid,
argsort, get_rows, sum_rows, div, clamp, scale. At batch size 1 that
is ~330 extra tiny graph nodes per token.

288 is a multiple of the warp size, so the existing kernel already
handles it; this adds the missing template instantiation and accepts
288 in the eligibility check.

Measured on gfx1151 with Step-3.7-Flash IQ4_XS (llama-bench,
-b 4096 -ub 4096 -fa 1 -dio 1 -ctk q8_0 -ctv q8_0; machine idle,
before/after paired so pp4096 stays matched as a load control):

  test            | before         | after
  ----------------+----------------+----------------
  pp4096          | 460.99 ± 0.45  | 462.47 ± 0.34   (unchanged)
  tg128           |  19.10 ± 0.04  |  19.56 ± 0.03   (+2.4%)
  tg128 @ d30000  |  12.68 ± 0.04  |  12.69 ± 0.03   (unchanged)

Prompt processing is unaffected (the fusion only touches decode
routing). The decode gain is ~+2.4% at shallow context and fades with
depth: by 30k tokens each step is attention-bound over the KV cache,
so removing the fixed routing overhead is no longer visible.

Assisted-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* Update tests/test-backend-ops.cpp

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>

* Add comment for case 288 in topk-moe.cu

---------

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>
CowboyTim pushed a commit to aardbeiplantje/llama.cpp that referenced this pull request Jul 21, 2026
* cuda: enable topk-moe fusion for 288 experts

The topk-moe fusion only accepted power-of-2 expert counts (or the
special-cased 576), so models with 288 experts (e.g. Step-3.7-Flash)
fell back to the unfused per-layer routing chain: softmax/sigmoid,
argsort, get_rows, sum_rows, div, clamp, scale. At batch size 1 that
is ~330 extra tiny graph nodes per token.

288 is a multiple of the warp size, so the existing kernel already
handles it; this adds the missing template instantiation and accepts
288 in the eligibility check.

Measured on gfx1151 with Step-3.7-Flash IQ4_XS (llama-bench,
-b 4096 -ub 4096 -fa 1 -dio 1 -ctk q8_0 -ctv q8_0; machine idle,
before/after paired so pp4096 stays matched as a load control):

  test            | before         | after
  ----------------+----------------+----------------
  pp4096          | 460.99 ± 0.45  | 462.47 ± 0.34   (unchanged)
  tg128           |  19.10 ± 0.04  |  19.56 ± 0.03   (+2.4%)
  tg128 @ d30000  |  12.68 ± 0.04  |  12.69 ± 0.03   (unchanged)

Prompt processing is unaffected (the fusion only touches decode
routing). The decode gain is ~+2.4% at shallow context and fades with
depth: by 30k tokens each step is attention-bound over the KV cache,
so removing the fixed routing overhead is no longer visible.

Assisted-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* Update tests/test-backend-ops.cpp

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>

* Add comment for case 288 in topk-moe.cu

---------

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>
CowboyTim pushed a commit to aardbeiplantje/llama.cpp that referenced this pull request Jul 21, 2026
* cuda: enable topk-moe fusion for 288 experts

The topk-moe fusion only accepted power-of-2 expert counts (or the
special-cased 576), so models with 288 experts (e.g. Step-3.7-Flash)
fell back to the unfused per-layer routing chain: softmax/sigmoid,
argsort, get_rows, sum_rows, div, clamp, scale. At batch size 1 that
is ~330 extra tiny graph nodes per token.

288 is a multiple of the warp size, so the existing kernel already
handles it; this adds the missing template instantiation and accepts
288 in the eligibility check.

Measured on gfx1151 with Step-3.7-Flash IQ4_XS (llama-bench,
-b 4096 -ub 4096 -fa 1 -dio 1 -ctk q8_0 -ctv q8_0; machine idle,
before/after paired so pp4096 stays matched as a load control):

  test            | before         | after
  ----------------+----------------+----------------
  pp4096          | 460.99 ± 0.45  | 462.47 ± 0.34   (unchanged)
  tg128           |  19.10 ± 0.04  |  19.56 ± 0.03   (+2.4%)
  tg128 @ d30000  |  12.68 ± 0.04  |  12.69 ± 0.03   (unchanged)

Prompt processing is unaffected (the fusion only touches decode
routing). The decode gain is ~+2.4% at shallow context and fades with
depth: by 30k tokens each step is attention-bound over the KV cache,
so removing the fixed routing overhead is no longer visible.

Assisted-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* Update tests/test-backend-ops.cpp

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>

* Add comment for case 288 in topk-moe.cu

---------

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>
CowboyTim pushed a commit to aardbeiplantje/llama.cpp that referenced this pull request Jul 21, 2026
* cuda: enable topk-moe fusion for 288 experts

The topk-moe fusion only accepted power-of-2 expert counts (or the
special-cased 576), so models with 288 experts (e.g. Step-3.7-Flash)
fell back to the unfused per-layer routing chain: softmax/sigmoid,
argsort, get_rows, sum_rows, div, clamp, scale. At batch size 1 that
is ~330 extra tiny graph nodes per token.

288 is a multiple of the warp size, so the existing kernel already
handles it; this adds the missing template instantiation and accepts
288 in the eligibility check.

Measured on gfx1151 with Step-3.7-Flash IQ4_XS (llama-bench,
-b 4096 -ub 4096 -fa 1 -dio 1 -ctk q8_0 -ctv q8_0; machine idle,
before/after paired so pp4096 stays matched as a load control):

  test            | before         | after
  ----------------+----------------+----------------
  pp4096          | 460.99 ± 0.45  | 462.47 ± 0.34   (unchanged)
  tg128           |  19.10 ± 0.04  |  19.56 ± 0.03   (+2.4%)
  tg128 @ d30000  |  12.68 ± 0.04  |  12.69 ± 0.03   (unchanged)

Prompt processing is unaffected (the fusion only touches decode
routing). The decode gain is ~+2.4% at shallow context and fades with
depth: by 30k tokens each step is attention-bound over the KV cache,
so removing the fixed routing overhead is no longer visible.

Assisted-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* Update tests/test-backend-ops.cpp

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>

* Add comment for case 288 in topk-moe.cu

---------

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>
CowboyTim pushed a commit to aardbeiplantje/llama.cpp that referenced this pull request Jul 21, 2026
* cuda: enable topk-moe fusion for 288 experts

The topk-moe fusion only accepted power-of-2 expert counts (or the
special-cased 576), so models with 288 experts (e.g. Step-3.7-Flash)
fell back to the unfused per-layer routing chain: softmax/sigmoid,
argsort, get_rows, sum_rows, div, clamp, scale. At batch size 1 that
is ~330 extra tiny graph nodes per token.

288 is a multiple of the warp size, so the existing kernel already
handles it; this adds the missing template instantiation and accepts
288 in the eligibility check.

Measured on gfx1151 with Step-3.7-Flash IQ4_XS (llama-bench,
-b 4096 -ub 4096 -fa 1 -dio 1 -ctk q8_0 -ctv q8_0; machine idle,
before/after paired so pp4096 stays matched as a load control):

  test            | before         | after
  ----------------+----------------+----------------
  pp4096          | 460.99 ± 0.45  | 462.47 ± 0.34   (unchanged)
  tg128           |  19.10 ± 0.04  |  19.56 ± 0.03   (+2.4%)
  tg128 @ d30000  |  12.68 ± 0.04  |  12.69 ± 0.03   (unchanged)

Prompt processing is unaffected (the fusion only touches decode
routing). The decode gain is ~+2.4% at shallow context and fades with
depth: by 30k tokens each step is attention-bound over the KV cache,
so removing the fixed routing overhead is no longer visible.

Assisted-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* Update tests/test-backend-ops.cpp

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>

* Add comment for case 288 in topk-moe.cu

---------

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>
CowboyTim pushed a commit to aardbeiplantje/llama.cpp that referenced this pull request Jul 21, 2026
* cuda: enable topk-moe fusion for 288 experts

The topk-moe fusion only accepted power-of-2 expert counts (or the
special-cased 576), so models with 288 experts (e.g. Step-3.7-Flash)
fell back to the unfused per-layer routing chain: softmax/sigmoid,
argsort, get_rows, sum_rows, div, clamp, scale. At batch size 1 that
is ~330 extra tiny graph nodes per token.

288 is a multiple of the warp size, so the existing kernel already
handles it; this adds the missing template instantiation and accepts
288 in the eligibility check.

Measured on gfx1151 with Step-3.7-Flash IQ4_XS (llama-bench,
-b 4096 -ub 4096 -fa 1 -dio 1 -ctk q8_0 -ctv q8_0; machine idle,
before/after paired so pp4096 stays matched as a load control):

  test            | before         | after
  ----------------+----------------+----------------
  pp4096          | 460.99 ± 0.45  | 462.47 ± 0.34   (unchanged)
  tg128           |  19.10 ± 0.04  |  19.56 ± 0.03   (+2.4%)
  tg128 @ d30000  |  12.68 ± 0.04  |  12.69 ± 0.03   (unchanged)

Prompt processing is unaffected (the fusion only touches decode
routing). The decode gain is ~+2.4% at shallow context and fades with
depth: by 30k tokens each step is attention-bound over the KV cache,
so removing the fixed routing overhead is no longer visible.

Assisted-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* Update tests/test-backend-ops.cpp

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>

* Add comment for case 288 in topk-moe.cu

---------

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>
CowboyTim pushed a commit to aardbeiplantje/llama.cpp that referenced this pull request Jul 21, 2026
* cuda: enable topk-moe fusion for 288 experts

The topk-moe fusion only accepted power-of-2 expert counts (or the
special-cased 576), so models with 288 experts (e.g. Step-3.7-Flash)
fell back to the unfused per-layer routing chain: softmax/sigmoid,
argsort, get_rows, sum_rows, div, clamp, scale. At batch size 1 that
is ~330 extra tiny graph nodes per token.

288 is a multiple of the warp size, so the existing kernel already
handles it; this adds the missing template instantiation and accepts
288 in the eligibility check.

Measured on gfx1151 with Step-3.7-Flash IQ4_XS (llama-bench,
-b 4096 -ub 4096 -fa 1 -dio 1 -ctk q8_0 -ctv q8_0; machine idle,
before/after paired so pp4096 stays matched as a load control):

  test            | before         | after
  ----------------+----------------+----------------
  pp4096          | 460.99 ± 0.45  | 462.47 ± 0.34   (unchanged)
  tg128           |  19.10 ± 0.04  |  19.56 ± 0.03   (+2.4%)
  tg128 @ d30000  |  12.68 ± 0.04  |  12.69 ± 0.03   (unchanged)

Prompt processing is unaffected (the fusion only touches decode
routing). The decode gain is ~+2.4% at shallow context and fades with
depth: by 30k tokens each step is attention-bound over the KV cache,
so removing the fixed routing overhead is no longer visible.

Assisted-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* Update tests/test-backend-ops.cpp

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>

* Add comment for case 288 in topk-moe.cu

---------

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>
CowboyTim pushed a commit to aardbeiplantje/llama.cpp that referenced this pull request Jul 21, 2026
* cuda: enable topk-moe fusion for 288 experts

The topk-moe fusion only accepted power-of-2 expert counts (or the
special-cased 576), so models with 288 experts (e.g. Step-3.7-Flash)
fell back to the unfused per-layer routing chain: softmax/sigmoid,
argsort, get_rows, sum_rows, div, clamp, scale. At batch size 1 that
is ~330 extra tiny graph nodes per token.

288 is a multiple of the warp size, so the existing kernel already
handles it; this adds the missing template instantiation and accepts
288 in the eligibility check.

Measured on gfx1151 with Step-3.7-Flash IQ4_XS (llama-bench,
-b 4096 -ub 4096 -fa 1 -dio 1 -ctk q8_0 -ctv q8_0; machine idle,
before/after paired so pp4096 stays matched as a load control):

  test            | before         | after
  ----------------+----------------+----------------
  pp4096          | 460.99 ± 0.45  | 462.47 ± 0.34   (unchanged)
  tg128           |  19.10 ± 0.04  |  19.56 ± 0.03   (+2.4%)
  tg128 @ d30000  |  12.68 ± 0.04  |  12.69 ± 0.03   (unchanged)

Prompt processing is unaffected (the fusion only touches decode
routing). The decode gain is ~+2.4% at shallow context and fades with
depth: by 30k tokens each step is attention-bound over the KV cache,
so removing the fixed routing overhead is no longer visible.

Assisted-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* Update tests/test-backend-ops.cpp

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>

* Add comment for case 288 in topk-moe.cu

---------

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>
CowboyTim pushed a commit to aardbeiplantje/llama.cpp that referenced this pull request Jul 21, 2026
* cuda: enable topk-moe fusion for 288 experts

The topk-moe fusion only accepted power-of-2 expert counts (or the
special-cased 576), so models with 288 experts (e.g. Step-3.7-Flash)
fell back to the unfused per-layer routing chain: softmax/sigmoid,
argsort, get_rows, sum_rows, div, clamp, scale. At batch size 1 that
is ~330 extra tiny graph nodes per token.

288 is a multiple of the warp size, so the existing kernel already
handles it; this adds the missing template instantiation and accepts
288 in the eligibility check.

Measured on gfx1151 with Step-3.7-Flash IQ4_XS (llama-bench,
-b 4096 -ub 4096 -fa 1 -dio 1 -ctk q8_0 -ctv q8_0; machine idle,
before/after paired so pp4096 stays matched as a load control):

  test            | before         | after
  ----------------+----------------+----------------
  pp4096          | 460.99 ± 0.45  | 462.47 ± 0.34   (unchanged)
  tg128           |  19.10 ± 0.04  |  19.56 ± 0.03   (+2.4%)
  tg128 @ d30000  |  12.68 ± 0.04  |  12.69 ± 0.03   (unchanged)

Prompt processing is unaffected (the fusion only touches decode
routing). The decode gain is ~+2.4% at shallow context and fades with
depth: by 30k tokens each step is attention-bound over the KV cache,
so removing the fixed routing overhead is no longer visible.

Assisted-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* Update tests/test-backend-ops.cpp

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>

* Add comment for case 288 in topk-moe.cu

---------

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>
CowboyTim pushed a commit to aardbeiplantje/llama.cpp that referenced this pull request Jul 21, 2026
* cuda: enable topk-moe fusion for 288 experts

The topk-moe fusion only accepted power-of-2 expert counts (or the
special-cased 576), so models with 288 experts (e.g. Step-3.7-Flash)
fell back to the unfused per-layer routing chain: softmax/sigmoid,
argsort, get_rows, sum_rows, div, clamp, scale. At batch size 1 that
is ~330 extra tiny graph nodes per token.

288 is a multiple of the warp size, so the existing kernel already
handles it; this adds the missing template instantiation and accepts
288 in the eligibility check.

Measured on gfx1151 with Step-3.7-Flash IQ4_XS (llama-bench,
-b 4096 -ub 4096 -fa 1 -dio 1 -ctk q8_0 -ctv q8_0; machine idle,
before/after paired so pp4096 stays matched as a load control):

  test            | before         | after
  ----------------+----------------+----------------
  pp4096          | 460.99 ± 0.45  | 462.47 ± 0.34   (unchanged)
  tg128           |  19.10 ± 0.04  |  19.56 ± 0.03   (+2.4%)
  tg128 @ d30000  |  12.68 ± 0.04  |  12.69 ± 0.03   (unchanged)

Prompt processing is unaffected (the fusion only touches decode
routing). The decode gain is ~+2.4% at shallow context and fades with
depth: by 30k tokens each step is attention-bound over the KV cache,
so removing the fixed routing overhead is no longer visible.

Assisted-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* Update tests/test-backend-ops.cpp

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>

* Add comment for case 288 in topk-moe.cu

---------

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>
CowboyTim pushed a commit to aardbeiplantje/llama.cpp that referenced this pull request Jul 21, 2026
* cuda: enable topk-moe fusion for 288 experts

The topk-moe fusion only accepted power-of-2 expert counts (or the
special-cased 576), so models with 288 experts (e.g. Step-3.7-Flash)
fell back to the unfused per-layer routing chain: softmax/sigmoid,
argsort, get_rows, sum_rows, div, clamp, scale. At batch size 1 that
is ~330 extra tiny graph nodes per token.

288 is a multiple of the warp size, so the existing kernel already
handles it; this adds the missing template instantiation and accepts
288 in the eligibility check.

Measured on gfx1151 with Step-3.7-Flash IQ4_XS (llama-bench,
-b 4096 -ub 4096 -fa 1 -dio 1 -ctk q8_0 -ctv q8_0; machine idle,
before/after paired so pp4096 stays matched as a load control):

  test            | before         | after
  ----------------+----------------+----------------
  pp4096          | 460.99 ± 0.45  | 462.47 ± 0.34   (unchanged)
  tg128           |  19.10 ± 0.04  |  19.56 ± 0.03   (+2.4%)
  tg128 @ d30000  |  12.68 ± 0.04  |  12.69 ± 0.03   (unchanged)

Prompt processing is unaffected (the fusion only touches decode
routing). The decode gain is ~+2.4% at shallow context and fades with
depth: by 30k tokens each step is attention-bound over the KV cache,
so removing the fixed routing overhead is no longer visible.

Assisted-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* Update tests/test-backend-ops.cpp

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>

* Add comment for case 288 in topk-moe.cu

---------

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>
CowboyTim pushed a commit to aardbeiplantje/llama.cpp that referenced this pull request Jul 21, 2026
* cuda: enable topk-moe fusion for 288 experts

The topk-moe fusion only accepted power-of-2 expert counts (or the
special-cased 576), so models with 288 experts (e.g. Step-3.7-Flash)
fell back to the unfused per-layer routing chain: softmax/sigmoid,
argsort, get_rows, sum_rows, div, clamp, scale. At batch size 1 that
is ~330 extra tiny graph nodes per token.

288 is a multiple of the warp size, so the existing kernel already
handles it; this adds the missing template instantiation and accepts
288 in the eligibility check.

Measured on gfx1151 with Step-3.7-Flash IQ4_XS (llama-bench,
-b 4096 -ub 4096 -fa 1 -dio 1 -ctk q8_0 -ctv q8_0; machine idle,
before/after paired so pp4096 stays matched as a load control):

  test            | before         | after
  ----------------+----------------+----------------
  pp4096          | 460.99 ± 0.45  | 462.47 ± 0.34   (unchanged)
  tg128           |  19.10 ± 0.04  |  19.56 ± 0.03   (+2.4%)
  tg128 @ d30000  |  12.68 ± 0.04  |  12.69 ± 0.03   (unchanged)

Prompt processing is unaffected (the fusion only touches decode
routing). The decode gain is ~+2.4% at shallow context and fades with
depth: by 30k tokens each step is attention-bound over the KV cache,
so removing the fixed routing overhead is no longer visible.

Assisted-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* Update tests/test-backend-ops.cpp

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>

* Add comment for case 288 in topk-moe.cu

---------

Co-authored-by: Oliver Simons <osimons@nvidia.com>
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