diff --git a/src/tls.c b/src/tls.c
index 62118d0678b..388a2095b64 100644
--- a/src/tls.c
+++ b/src/tls.c
@@ -2026,6 +2026,7 @@ static int TLSX_ALPN_ParseAndSet(WOLFSSL *ssl, const byte *input, word16 length,
     word16  size = 0, offset = 0, wlen;
     int     r = WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(BUFFER_ERROR);
     const byte *s;
+    word16  entryCount = 0;
 
     if (OPAQUE16_LEN > length)
         return BUFFER_ERROR;
@@ -2042,6 +2043,15 @@ static int TLSX_ALPN_ParseAndSet(WOLFSSL *ssl, const byte *input, word16 length,
         wlen = *s++;
         if (wlen == 0 || (s + wlen - input) > length)
             return BUFFER_ERROR;
+        entryCount++;
+    }
+
+    /* RFC 7301 Section 3.1: the server's ProtocolNameList in its ALPN
+     * response MUST contain exactly one ProtocolName. */
+    if (!isRequest && entryCount != 1) {
+        SendAlert(ssl, alert_fatal, decode_error);
+        WOLFSSL_ERROR_VERBOSE(BUFFER_ERROR);
+        return BUFFER_ERROR;
     }
 
     if (isRequest) {
diff --git a/tests/api.c b/tests/api.c
index fe92bdee85e..1a77d179a2b 100644
--- a/tests/api.c
+++ b/tests/api.c
@@ -40753,6 +40753,7 @@ TEST_CASE testCases[] = {
     TEST_DECL(test_TLSX_SNI_GetSize_overflow),
     TEST_DECL(test_TLSX_ECH_msg_type_validation),
     TEST_DECL(test_TLSX_SRTP_msg_type_validation),
+    TEST_DECL(test_TLSX_ALPN_server_response_count),
     TEST_DECL(test_wolfSSL_wolfSSL_UseSecureRenegotiation),
     TEST_DECL(test_wolfSSL_clear_secure_renegotiation),
     TEST_DECL(test_wolfSSL_SCR_Reconnect),
diff --git a/tests/api/test_tls_ext.c b/tests/api/test_tls_ext.c
index 294fa9c903c..49edaf29f52 100644
--- a/tests/api/test_tls_ext.c
+++ b/tests/api/test_tls_ext.c
@@ -1033,3 +1033,41 @@ int test_TLSX_SRTP_msg_type_validation(void)
 #endif
     return EXPECT_RESULT();
 }
+
+/* RFC 7301 Section 3.1: the server's ProtocolNameList in its ALPN response
+ * MUST contain exactly one ProtocolName. A ServerHello carrying two entries
+ * must be rejected rather than silently accepted. */
+int test_TLSX_ALPN_server_response_count(void)
+{
+    EXPECT_DECLS;
+#if defined(HAVE_ALPN) && !defined(NO_WOLFSSL_CLIENT) && !defined(NO_TLS) && \
+    !defined(WOLFSSL_NO_TLS12)
+    WOLFSSL_CTX* ctx = NULL;
+    WOLFSSL* ssl = NULL;
+    /* ServerHello-style ALPN extension whose ProtocolNameList contains
+     * two entries ("h2" and "http/1.1"). */
+    static const byte extBytes[] = {
+        0x00, 0x10,                         /* extension type = ALPN (16) */
+        0x00, 0x0E,                         /* extension length = 14    */
+        0x00, 0x0C,                         /* ProtocolNameList length  */
+        0x02, 'h', '2',                     /* entry 1: "h2"            */
+        0x08, 'h', 't', 't', 'p', '/', '1', '.', '1' /* entry 2         */
+    };
+    static char alpn_h2[] = "h2";
+
+    ExpectNotNull(ctx = wolfSSL_CTX_new(wolfTLSv1_2_client_method()));
+    ExpectNotNull(ssl = wolfSSL_new(ctx));
+
+    ExpectIntEQ(wolfSSL_UseALPN(ssl, alpn_h2, (unsigned int)XSTRLEN(alpn_h2),
+                                WOLFSSL_ALPN_FAILED_ON_MISMATCH),
+                WOLFSSL_SUCCESS);
+
+    ExpectIntEQ(TLSX_Parse(ssl, extBytes, (word16)sizeof(extBytes),
+                           server_hello, NULL),
+                WC_NO_ERR_TRACE(BUFFER_ERROR));
+
+    wolfSSL_free(ssl);
+    wolfSSL_CTX_free(ctx);
+#endif
+    return EXPECT_RESULT();
+}
diff --git a/tests/api/test_tls_ext.h b/tests/api/test_tls_ext.h
index e9d07d81ecd..dc617e2d62e 100644
--- a/tests/api/test_tls_ext.h
+++ b/tests/api/test_tls_ext.h
@@ -36,5 +36,6 @@ int test_TLSX_TCA_Find(void);
 int test_TLSX_SNI_GetSize_overflow(void);
 int test_TLSX_ECH_msg_type_validation(void);
 int test_TLSX_SRTP_msg_type_validation(void);
+int test_TLSX_ALPN_server_response_count(void);
 
 #endif /* TESTS_API_TEST_TLS_EMS_H */