feat(url): implement URLPattern API (#25168)

## Summary

Implements the [URLPattern Web
API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/URLPattern) based
on WebKit's implementation. URLPattern provides declarative pattern
matching for URLs, similar to how regular expressions work for strings.

### Features

- **Constructor**: Create patterns from strings or `URLPatternInit`
dictionaries
- **`test()`**: Check if a URL matches the pattern (returns boolean)
- **`exec()`**: Extract matched groups from a URL (returns
`URLPatternResult` or null)
- **Pattern properties**: `protocol`, `username`, `password`,
`hostname`, `port`, `pathname`, `search`, `hash`
- **`hasRegExpGroups`**: Detect if the pattern uses custom regular
expressions

### Example Usage

```js
// Match URLs with a user ID parameter
const pattern = new URLPattern({ pathname: '/users/:id' });

pattern.test('https://example.com/users/123'); // true
pattern.test('https://example.com/posts/456'); // false

const result = pattern.exec('https://example.com/users/123');
console.log(result.pathname.groups.id); // "123"

// Wildcard matching
const filesPattern = new URLPattern({ pathname: '/files/*' });
const match = filesPattern.exec('https://example.com/files/image.png');
console.log(match.pathname.groups[0]); // "image.png"
```

## Implementation Notes

- Adapted from WebKit's URLPattern implementation
- Modified JS bindings to work with Bun's infrastructure (simpler
`convertDictionary` patterns, WTF::Variant handling)
- Added IsoSubspaces for proper GC integration

## Test Plan

- [x] 408 tests from Web Platform Tests pass
- [x] Tests fail with system Bun (URLPattern not defined), pass with
debug build
- [x] Manual testing of basic functionality

Fixes #2286

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: autofix-ci[bot] <114827586+autofix-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

Author: 3 people

bench/snippets/urlpattern.js

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import { bench, group, run } from "../runner.mjs";
+
+const patterns = [
+  { name: "string pattern", input: "https://(sub.)?example(.com/)foo" },
+  { name: "hostname IDN", input: { hostname: "xn--caf-dma.com" } },
+  {
+    name: "pathname + search + hash + baseURL",
+    input: {
+      pathname: "/foo",
+      search: "bar",
+      hash: "baz",
+      baseURL: "https://example.com:8080",
+    },
+  },
+  { name: "pathname with regex", input: { pathname: "/([[a-z]--a])" } },
+  { name: "named groups", input: { pathname: "/users/:id/posts/:postId" } },
+  { name: "wildcard", input: { pathname: "/files/*" } },
+];
+
+const testURL = "https://sub.example.com/foo";
+
+group("URLPattern parse (constructor)", () => {
+  for (const { name, input } of patterns) {
+    bench(name, () => {
+      return new URLPattern(input);
+    });
+  }
+});
+
+group("URLPattern.test()", () => {
+  for (const { name, input } of patterns) {
+    const pattern = new URLPattern(input);
+    bench(name, () => {
+      return pattern.test(testURL);
+    });
+  }
+});
+
+group("URLPattern.exec()", () => {
+  for (const { name, input } of patterns) {
+    const pattern = new URLPattern(input);
+    bench(name, () => {
+      return pattern.exec(testURL);
+    });
+  }
+});
+
+await run();

src/bun.js/bindings/URLDecomposition.cpp

@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ String URLDecomposition::port() const
 }
 
 // Outer optional is whether we could parse at all. Inner optional is "no port specified".
-static std::optional<std::optional<uint16_t>> parsePort(StringView string, StringView protocol)
+std::optional<std::optional<uint16_t>> URLDecomposition::parsePort(StringView string, StringView protocol)
 {
     // https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#port-state with state override given.
     uint32_t port { 0 };

src/bun.js/bindings/URLDecomposition.h

@@ -35,6 +35,10 @@ namespace WebCore {
 
 class URLDecomposition {
 public:
+    // Parse a port string with optional protocol for default port detection
+    // Returns nullopt on parse error, or optional<uint16_t> (nullopt means empty/default port)
+    static std::optional<std::optional<uint16_t>> parsePort(StringView port, StringView protocol);
+
     String origin() const;
 
     WEBCORE_EXPORT String protocol() const;

src/bun.js/bindings/ZigGlobalObject.cpp

@@ -130,6 +130,7 @@
 #include "JSTextDecoderStream.h"
 #include "JSTransformStream.h"
 #include "JSTransformStreamDefaultController.h"
+#include "JSURLPattern.h"
 #include "JSURLSearchParams.h"
 #include "JSWasmStreamingCompiler.h"
 #include "JSWebSocket.h"
@@ -1009,6 +1010,7 @@ WEBCORE_GENERATED_CONSTRUCTOR_GETTER(TextEncoderStream);
 WEBCORE_GENERATED_CONSTRUCTOR_GETTER(TextDecoderStream);
 WEBCORE_GENERATED_CONSTRUCTOR_GETTER(TransformStream)
 WEBCORE_GENERATED_CONSTRUCTOR_GETTER(TransformStreamDefaultController)
+WEBCORE_GENERATED_CONSTRUCTOR_GETTER(URLPattern);
 WEBCORE_GENERATED_CONSTRUCTOR_GETTER(URLSearchParams);
 WEBCORE_GENERATED_CONSTRUCTOR_GETTER(WebSocket);
 WEBCORE_GENERATED_CONSTRUCTOR_GETTER(Worker);

src/bun.js/bindings/ZigGlobalObject.lut.txt

@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@
   TransformStream                 TransformStreamConstructorCallback                   PropertyCallback
   TransformStreamDefaultController TransformStreamDefaultControllerConstructorCallback PropertyCallback
   URL                             DOMURLConstructorCallback                            DontEnum|PropertyCallback
+  URLPattern                      URLPatternConstructorCallback                        PropertyCallback
   URLSearchParams                 URLSearchParamsConstructorCallback                   DontEnum|PropertyCallback
   WebSocket                       WebSocketConstructorCallback                         PropertyCallback
   Worker                          WorkerConstructorCallback                            PropertyCallback

src/bun.js/bindings/webcore/DOMClientIsoSubspaces.h

@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ class DOMClientIsoSubspaces {
     std::unique_ptr<GCClient::IsoSubspace> m_clientSubspaceForDOMFormData;
     std::unique_ptr<GCClient::IsoSubspace> m_clientSubspaceForDOMFormDataIterator;
     std::unique_ptr<GCClient::IsoSubspace> m_clientSubspaceForDOMURL;
+    std::unique_ptr<GCClient::IsoSubspace> m_clientSubspaceForURLPattern;
     std::unique_ptr<GCClient::IsoSubspace> m_clientSubspaceForURLSearchParams;
     std::unique_ptr<GCClient::IsoSubspace> m_clientSubspaceForURLSearchParamsIterator;
 

src/bun.js/bindings/webcore/DOMConstructors.h

@@ -860,11 +860,12 @@ enum class DOMConstructorID : uint16_t {
     Cookie,
     CookieMap,
     EventEmitter,
+    URLPattern,
 };
 
 static constexpr unsigned numberOfDOMConstructorsBase = 848;
 
-static constexpr unsigned bunExtraConstructors = 3;
+static constexpr unsigned bunExtraConstructors = 4;
 
 static constexpr unsigned numberOfDOMConstructors = numberOfDOMConstructorsBase + bunExtraConstructors;
 

src/bun.js/bindings/webcore/DOMIsoSubspaces.h

@@ -938,6 +938,7 @@ class DOMIsoSubspaces {
     // std::unique_ptr<IsoSubspace> m_subspaceForDOMFormData;
     // std::unique_ptr<IsoSubspace> m_subspaceForDOMFormDataIterator;
     std::unique_ptr<IsoSubspace> m_subspaceForDOMURL;
+    std::unique_ptr<IsoSubspace> m_subspaceForURLPattern;
     std::unique_ptr<IsoSubspace> m_subspaceForJSSign;
     std::unique_ptr<IsoSubspace> m_subspaceForJSVerify;
     std::unique_ptr<IsoSubspace> m_subspaceForJSHmac;