diff --git a/src/coreclr/jit/codegencommon.cpp b/src/coreclr/jit/codegencommon.cpp
index f3e4fe5db1c25a..7706b63f509c84 100644
--- a/src/coreclr/jit/codegencommon.cpp
+++ b/src/coreclr/jit/codegencommon.cpp
@@ -1822,8 +1822,19 @@ void CodeGen::genEmitCallWithCurrentGC(EmitCallParams& params)
         }
 
         assert(numRegs == 2);
-        info.returnValueLoc.storeVariableInRegisters(retDesc->GetABIReturnReg(0, call->GetUnmanagedCallConv()),
-                                                     retDesc->GetABIReturnReg(1, call->GetUnmanagedCallConv()));
+        regNumber reg1 = retDesc->GetABIReturnReg(0, call->GetUnmanagedCallConv());
+        regNumber reg2 = retDesc->GetABIReturnReg(1, call->GetUnmanagedCallConv());
+
+        // VLT_REG_REG can only encode integer registers. On platforms where structs
+        // can be returned in a mix of int and float registers (SysV x64, RISC-V),
+        // skip recording if any register is not an int register.
+        // TODO: Supporting this case is tracked by https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/129344
+        if (!genIsValidIntReg(reg1) || !genIsValidIntReg(reg2))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        info.returnValueLoc.storeVariableInRegisters(reg1, reg2);
     }
     else if (varTypeIsFloating(call))
     {
@@ -1831,12 +1842,17 @@ void CodeGen::genEmitCallWithCurrentGC(EmitCallParams& params)
         info.returnValueLoc.vlType         = VLT_FPSTK;
         info.returnValueLoc.vlFPstk.vlfReg = 0;
 #else
-        info.returnValueLoc.storeVariableInRegisters(REG_FLOATRET, REG_NA);
+        // VLT_REG_FP uses a 0-based FP register index; the DBI adds the
+        // platform-specific XMM0/V0 base when converting to CorDebugRegister.
+        info.returnValueLoc.vlType       = VLT_REG_FP;
+        info.returnValueLoc.vlReg.vlrReg = (regNumber)(REG_FLOATRET - REG_FP_FIRST);
 #endif
     }
     else if (varTypeUsesFloatReg(call))
     {
-        info.returnValueLoc.storeVariableInRegisters(REG_FLOATRET, REG_NA);
+        // VLT_REG_FP uses a 0-based FP register index.
+        info.returnValueLoc.vlType       = VLT_REG_FP;
+        info.returnValueLoc.vlReg.vlrReg = (regNumber)(REG_FLOATRET - REG_FP_FIRST);
     }
     else
     {
diff --git a/src/coreclr/jit/ee_il_dll.cpp b/src/coreclr/jit/ee_il_dll.cpp
index 6c3ca0e2a35bba..8d0338f8d59fe3 100644
--- a/src/coreclr/jit/ee_il_dll.cpp
+++ b/src/coreclr/jit/ee_il_dll.cpp
@@ -894,7 +894,6 @@ void Compiler::eeDispVar(ICorDebugInfo::NativeVarInfo* var)
     {
         case CodeGenInterface::VLT_REG:
         case CodeGenInterface::VLT_REG_BYREF:
-        case CodeGenInterface::VLT_REG_FP:
             printf("%s", getRegName(var->loc.vlReg.vlrReg));
             if (var->loc.vlType == (ICorDebugInfo::VarLocType)CodeGenInterface::VLT_REG_BYREF)
             {
@@ -902,6 +901,10 @@ void Compiler::eeDispVar(ICorDebugInfo::NativeVarInfo* var)
             }
             break;
 
+        case CodeGenInterface::VLT_REG_FP:
+            printf("%s", getRegName((regNumber)(var->loc.vlReg.vlrReg + REG_FP_FIRST)));
+            break;
+
         case CodeGenInterface::VLT_STK:
         case CodeGenInterface::VLT_STK_BYREF:
             if ((int)var->loc.vlStk.vlsBaseReg != (int)ICorDebugInfo::REGNUM_AMBIENT_SP)
diff --git a/src/coreclr/jit/scopeinfo.cpp b/src/coreclr/jit/scopeinfo.cpp
index e5dd272c33b9a4..a336b8d3872a02 100644
--- a/src/coreclr/jit/scopeinfo.cpp
+++ b/src/coreclr/jit/scopeinfo.cpp
@@ -158,6 +158,9 @@ bool CodeGenInterface::siVarLoc::vlIsOnStack() const
 //
 void CodeGenInterface::siVarLoc::storeVariableInRegisters(regNumber reg, regNumber otherReg)
 {
+    assert(genIsValidIntReg(reg));
+    assert(otherReg == REG_NA || genIsValidIntReg(otherReg));
+
     if (otherReg == REG_NA)
     {
         // Only one register is used
@@ -409,10 +412,10 @@ void CodeGenInterface::siVarLoc::siFillRegisterVarLoc(
 #ifdef TARGET_64BIT
         case TYP_FLOAT:
         case TYP_DOUBLE:
-            // TODO-AMD64-Bug: ndp\clr\src\inc\corinfo.h has a definition of RegNum that only goes up to R15,
-            // so no XMM registers can get debug information.
+            // VLT_REG_FP uses a 0-based FP register index; the DBI adds the
+            // platform-specific XMM0/V0 base when converting to CorDebugRegister.
             this->vlType       = VLT_REG_FP;
-            this->vlReg.vlrReg = varDsc->GetRegNum();
+            this->vlReg.vlrReg = (regNumber)(varDsc->GetRegNum() - REG_FP_FIRST);
             break;
 
 #else // !TARGET_64BIT
@@ -442,12 +445,9 @@ void CodeGenInterface::siVarLoc::siFillRegisterVarLoc(
         {
             this->vlType = VLT_REG_FP;
 
-            // TODO-AMD64-Bug: ndp\clr\src\inc\corinfo.h has a definition of RegNum that only goes up to R15,
-            // so no XMM registers can get debug information.
-            //
-            // Note: Need to initialize vlrReg field, otherwise during jit dump hitting an assert
-            // in eeDispVar() --> getRegName() that regNumber is valid.
-            this->vlReg.vlrReg = varDsc->GetRegNum();
+            // VLT_REG_FP uses a 0-based FP register index; the DBI adds the
+            // platform-specific XMM0/V0 base when converting to CorDebugRegister.
+            this->vlReg.vlrReg = (regNumber)(varDsc->GetRegNum() - REG_FP_FIRST);
             break;
         }
 #endif // FEATURE_SIMD
@@ -1736,7 +1736,25 @@ void CodeGen::psiBegProlog()
 
         if (reg1 != REG_NA)
         {
-            varLocation.storeVariableInRegisters(reg1, reg2);
+            if (genIsValidFloatReg(reg1))
+            {
+                // FP parameter in XMM/V register — encode as VLT_REG_FP with
+                // 0-based FP register index.
+                varLocation.vlType       = VLT_REG_FP;
+                varLocation.vlReg.vlrReg = (regNumber)(reg1 - REG_FP_FIRST);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Integer register parameter. On SysV x64, the second segment
+                // may be in an XMM register for mixed struct passing — drop it
+                // since VLT_REG_REG cannot encode FP registers.
+                // TODO: Supporting this case is tracked by https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/129344
+                if (reg2 != REG_NA && !genIsValidIntReg(reg2))
+                {
+                    reg2 = REG_NA;
+                }
+                varLocation.storeVariableInRegisters(reg1, reg2);
+            }
         }
         else
         {