diff --git a/build-tools/scripts/JavaCallableWrappers.targets b/build-tools/scripts/JavaCallableWrappers.targets
index 3e8a86ba242..df18fa9cc69 100644
--- a/build-tools/scripts/JavaCallableWrappers.targets
+++ b/build-tools/scripts/JavaCallableWrappers.targets
@@ -5,11 +5,17 @@
       Inputs="$(JavaCallableWrapperAbsAssembly);@(JavaCallableWrapperSource)"
       Outputs="$(OutputPath)mono.android.jar">
     <MakeDir Directories="$(IntermediateOutputPath)jcw;$(IntermediateOutputPath)jcw\bin" />
+    <ItemGroup>
+      <_CorlibPath Include="@(ReferencePath->'%(RootDir)%(Directory)')" Condition=" '%(FileName)%(Extension)' == 'mscorlib.dll' " />
+    </ItemGroup>
     <PropertyGroup>
+      <_CorlibDir>@(_CorlibPath)</_CorlibDir>
       <OutputPathAbs Condition="$([System.IO.Path]::IsPathRooted($(OutputPath)))">$(OutputPath)</OutputPathAbs>
       <OutputPathAbs Condition=" '$(OutputPathAbs)' == '' ">$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\$(OutputPath)</OutputPathAbs>
       <JcwGen>"$(XAInstallPrefix)xbuild\Xamarin\Android\jcw-gen.exe" -v10</JcwGen>
-      <_LibDirs>-L "$(OutputPathAbs.TrimEnd('\'))" -L "$(OutputPathAbs)..\v1.0" -L "$(OutputPathAbs)..\v1.0\Facades"</_LibDirs>
+      <_LibDirs>-L "$(OutputPathAbs.TrimEnd('\'))"</_LibDirs>
+      <_LibDirs Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' != 'netcoreapp3.1' ">$(_LibDirs) -L "$(OutputPathAbs)..\v1.0" -L "$(OutputPathAbs)..\v1.0\Facades"</_LibDirs>
+      <_LibDirs Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netcoreapp3.1' ">$(_LibDirs) -L "$(_CorlibDir.TrimEnd('\'))"</_LibDirs>
       <_Out>-o "$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\$(IntermediateOutputPath)jcw\src"</_Out>
     </PropertyGroup>
     <Exec
diff --git a/src/Mono.Android/Android.Runtime/JNIEnv.cs b/src/Mono.Android/Android.Runtime/JNIEnv.cs
index aa356c88d38..04774035485 100644
--- a/src/Mono.Android/Android.Runtime/JNIEnv.cs
+++ b/src/Mono.Android/Android.Runtime/JNIEnv.cs
@@ -170,7 +170,9 @@ internal static unsafe void Initialize (JnienvInitializeArgs* args)
 			else
 				IdentityHash = v => v;
 
+#if MONOANDROID1_0
 			Mono.SystemDependencyProvider.Initialize ();
+#endif
 
 			BoundExceptionType = (BoundExceptionType)args->ioExceptionType;
 			androidRuntime = new AndroidRuntime (args->env, args->javaVm, androidSdkVersion > 10, args->grefLoader, args->Loader_loadClass, args->jniAddNativeMethodRegistrationAttributePresent != 0);
diff --git a/src/Mono.Android/Mono.Android.csproj b/src/Mono.Android/Mono.Android.csproj
index afcf103b90a..c4bd490a51a 100644
--- a/src/Mono.Android/Mono.Android.csproj
+++ b/src/Mono.Android/Mono.Android.csproj
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+<Project>
 
+  <Import Project="Sdk.props" Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk" />
   <Import Project="..\..\Configuration.props" />
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>monoandroid10</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFrameworks>monoandroid10;netcoreapp3.1</TargetFrameworks>
     <RootNamespace>Android</RootNamespace>
     <SignAssembly>true</SignAssembly>
     <AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile>..\..\product.snk</AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile>
@@ -30,6 +31,11 @@
     <AppendTargetFrameworkToOutputPath>false</AppendTargetFrameworkToOutputPath>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
+  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netcoreapp3.1' ">
+    <OutputPath>$(XAInstallPrefix)xbuild-frameworks\Xamarin.Android.App\$(TargetFramework)\</OutputPath>
+    <AppendTargetFrameworkToOutputPath>false</AppendTargetFrameworkToOutputPath>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
   <ItemGroup Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'monoandroid10' ">
     <Reference Include="mscorlib">
       <HintPath>$(OutputPath)..\v1.0\mscorlib.dll</HintPath>
@@ -73,6 +79,10 @@
     </Reference>
   </ItemGroup>
 
+  <ItemGroup Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netcoreapp3.1' ">
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\external\Java.Interop\src\Java.Interop\Java.Interop.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
   <ItemGroup>
     <Compile Include="..\..\external\Java.Interop\src\Java.Interop.Tools.TypeNameMappings\Java.Interop.Tools.TypeNameMappings\JavaNativeTypeManager.cs">
       <Link>JavaNativeTypeManager.cs</Link>
@@ -325,9 +335,16 @@
     <ProjectReference Include="..\..\build-tools\api-merge\api-merge.csproj" ReferenceOutputAssembly="false" />
     <ProjectReference Include="..\..\build-tools\api-xml-adjuster\api-xml-adjuster.csproj" ReferenceOutputAssembly="false" />
     <ProjectReference Include="..\..\build-tools\jnienv-gen\jnienv-gen.csproj" ReferenceOutputAssembly="false" />
-    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\external\Java.Interop\tools\generator\generator.csproj" ReferenceOutputAssembly="false" SkipGetTargetFrameworkProperties="true" />
-    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\external\Java.Interop\tools\jcw-gen\jcw-gen.csproj" ReferenceOutputAssembly="false" SkipGetTargetFrameworkProperties="true" />
+    <!-- Explicitly pass the target framework of the project so we don't have conflicts with the multiple targets in this file. -->
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\external\Java.Interop\tools\generator\generator.csproj" ReferenceOutputAssembly="false" SkipGetTargetFrameworkProperties="true" AdditionalProperties="TargetFramework=net472"/>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\external\Java.Interop\tools\jcw-gen\jcw-gen.csproj" ReferenceOutputAssembly="false" SkipGetTargetFrameworkProperties="true" AdditionalProperties="TargetFramework=net472" />
     <ProjectReference Include="..\..\src\java-runtime\java-runtime.csproj" ReferenceOutputAssembly="false" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
+  <Import Project="Sdk.targets" Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk" />
+  <!-- Only build the 'netcoreapp3.1' version of 'Mono.Android.dll' once for the latest stable Android version. -->
+  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netcoreapp3.1' And '$(AndroidFrameworkVersion)' != '$(AndroidLatestStableFrameworkVersion)' ">
+    <BuildDependsOn></BuildDependsOn>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
 </Project>
diff --git a/src/Mono.Android/Mono.Android.targets b/src/Mono.Android/Mono.Android.targets
index 8602a2bc58b..ebf3780fd6f 100644
--- a/src/Mono.Android/Mono.Android.targets
+++ b/src/Mono.Android/Mono.Android.targets
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
   </ItemGroup>
   <Target Name="_BuildJavaInterop"
       BeforeTargets="BeforeResolveReferences"
+      Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'monoandroid10' "
       Inputs="$(MSBuildThisFile);$(JavaInteropFullPath)\src\Java.Interop\Java.Interop.csproj"
       Outputs="$(OutputPath)\..\v1.0\Java.Interop.dll">
     <PropertyGroup>
@@ -134,6 +135,7 @@
   </ItemGroup>
   <Target Name="_GenerateFrameworkList"
       BeforeTargets="GetTargetFrameworkProperties;GetReferenceAssemblyPaths;ResolveReferences"
+      Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'monoandroid10' "
       Inputs="$(MSBuildProjectFullPath)"
       Outputs="$(OutputPath)RedistList\FrameworkList.xml">
    <MakeDir Directories="$(OutputPath)RedistList" />
@@ -185,7 +187,7 @@
   <Target
       Name="_CheckApiCompatibility"
       Condition=" '$(DisableApiCompatibilityCheck)' != 'True' "
-      AfterTargets="Build"
+      AfterTargets="CopyFilesToOutputDirectory"
       Inputs="$(TargetPath);@(ApiCompatibilityFiles)"
       Outputs="$(IntermediateOutputPath)CheckApiCompatibility.stamp">
     <CheckApiCompatibility