feat: add retry backoff for connection errors in retryOperation

[leshniak]

Summary

• Add exponential backoff with jitter to OnyxUtils.retryOperation for non-capacity storage errors
• Connection-class errors (Feat/add reassure perf setup #1, fix: Improve fastMerge, Onyx.merge and combine merge functions in OnyxUtils #3, Omit null state and props to fix default props Expensify/react-native-onyx#5 from storage error investigation) account for 51.7% of all failures — immediate retry was ineffective, DB needs recovery time
• Backoff schedule: 100ms → 200ms → 400ms → 800ms → 1600ms (±25% jitter), capacity errors keep immediate retry with eviction

Linked Issues

• Upstream: Add retry backoff for connection errors in OnyxUtils.retryOperation Expensify/App#87782
• Parent: [Due for payment 2026-05-07] Load all storage data into cache on startup and remove the eviction system Expensify/App#85252

Changes

• lib/OnyxUtils.ts: CONNECTION_ERRORS constants, wait()/getRetryDelay() helpers, backoff wired into non-capacity error branch of retryOperation
• tests/unit/onyxUtilsTest.ts: Updated 2 existing tests for fake timers, added 3 new tests (exponential progression, connection error logging, capacity errors remain immediate)

Test plan

• npm run typecheck passes
• npm run lint passes
• npm test — 437/437 tests pass
• Verify backoff delays increase exponentially (test: should apply exponential backoff delay for non-capacity errors)
• Verify connection errors log with backoff info (test: should log connection error with backoff delay info)
• Verify capacity errors are NOT delayed (test: should NOT apply backoff delay for capacity errors)

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