diff --git a/providers/databricks/src/airflow/providers/databricks/operators/databricks_workflow.py b/providers/databricks/src/airflow/providers/databricks/operators/databricks_workflow.py
index 4eeb41babed49..5bbf9d3c78a3e 100644
--- a/providers/databricks/src/airflow/providers/databricks/operators/databricks_workflow.py
+++ b/providers/databricks/src/airflow/providers/databricks/operators/databricks_workflow.py
@@ -393,20 +393,21 @@ def __exit__(
             spark_submit_params=self.spark_submit_params,
         )
 
-        for task in tasks:
-            if not (
-                hasattr(task, "_convert_to_databricks_workflow_task")
-                and callable(task._convert_to_databricks_workflow_task)
-            ):
-                raise AirflowException(
-                    f"Task {task.task_id} does not support conversion to databricks workflow task."
-                )
-
-            task.workflow_run_metadata = create_databricks_workflow_task.output
-            create_databricks_workflow_task.relevant_upstreams.append(task.task_id)
-            create_databricks_workflow_task.add_task(task.task_id, task)
-
-        for root_task in roots:
-            root_task.set_upstream(create_databricks_workflow_task)
-
-        super().__exit__(_type, _value, _tb)
+        try:
+            for task in tasks:
+                if not (
+                    hasattr(task, "_convert_to_databricks_workflow_task")
+                    and callable(task._convert_to_databricks_workflow_task)
+                ):
+                    raise AirflowException(
+                        f"Task {task.task_id} does not support conversion to databricks workflow task."
+                    )
+
+                task.workflow_run_metadata = create_databricks_workflow_task.output
+                create_databricks_workflow_task.relevant_upstreams.append(task.task_id)
+                create_databricks_workflow_task.add_task(task.task_id, task)
+
+            for root_task in roots:
+                root_task.set_upstream(create_databricks_workflow_task)
+        finally:
+            super().__exit__(_type, _value, _tb)
diff --git a/providers/databricks/tests/unit/databricks/operators/test_databricks_workflow.py b/providers/databricks/tests/unit/databricks/operators/test_databricks_workflow.py
index 518bac7b04c40..9cfa7e91ae384 100644
--- a/providers/databricks/tests/unit/databricks/operators/test_databricks_workflow.py
+++ b/providers/databricks/tests/unit/databricks/operators/test_databricks_workflow.py
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 
 import pytest
 
+from tests_common.test_utils.version_compat import AIRFLOW_V_3_0_PLUS
+
 # Do not run the tests when FAB / Flask is not installed
 pytest.importorskip("flask_session")
 
@@ -276,6 +278,32 @@ def test_task_group_exit_creates_operator(mock_databricks_workflow_operator):
     )
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not AIRFLOW_V_3_0_PLUS, reason="Uses Airflow 3 task SDK TaskGroupContext layout")
+def test_task_group_context_cleaned_up_on_internal_exception():
+    """
+    Regression test for GH-42164.
+
+    When DatabricksWorkflowTaskGroup.__exit__ raises (e.g. an added task does not
+    support conversion), super().__exit__ must still run so TaskGroupContext does
+    not leak the workflow group onto the global stack and break later DAGs with
+    "Cannot mix TaskGroups from different DAGs".
+    """
+    from airflow.sdk.definitions._internal.contextmanager import TaskGroupContext
+
+    TaskGroupContext._context.clear()
+
+    with pytest.raises(AirflowException, match="does not support conversion"):  # noqa: PT012 raise happens on context exit
+        with DAG(dag_id="example_databricks_workflow_dag_err", schedule=None, start_date=DEFAULT_DATE):
+            with DatabricksWorkflowTaskGroup(
+                group_id="test_databricks_workflow_err", databricks_conn_id="databricks_conn"
+            ):
+                # EmptyOperator does not implement _convert_to_databricks_workflow_task,
+                # which makes DatabricksWorkflowTaskGroup.__exit__ raise mid-way.
+                EmptyOperator(task_id="not_convertible")
+
+    assert not TaskGroupContext._context, "TaskGroupContext leaked the workflow task group"
+
+
 def test_task_group_root_tasks_set_upstream_to_operator(mock_databricks_workflow_operator):
     """Test that tasks added to a DatabricksWorkflowTaskGroup are set upstream to the operator."""
     with DAG(dag_id="example_databricks_workflow_dag", schedule=None, start_date=DEFAULT_DATE):